Conjunction (kata penghubung) biasanya digunakan untuk menyambungkan kata (a book and a pen), phrases (frasa) atau sekumpulan kata (over the table but near the clock), atau menghubungkan clause atau kalimat (Amir is happy, but Susi is sad). Secara umum, conjuctions terbagi menjadi empat bagian, Coordinate Conjunctions, Correlative Conjunctions, Subordinate Conjunctions, dan Conjunctive Adverb.
A. COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS
Menghubungkan compound sentence (for, and nor, but, or, yet, dan so).
a. Mr Ahmad planned to go abroad, and he would take Vivi with him.
b. I miss you but I hate you.
c. Please send me a letter or call me as soon as you arrive there.
d. Tom doesn’t like durian nor watermelon.
e. I can’t go, for I don’t have much time to go.
f. Come closer, so I can see you clearly.
g. My boss is talkative, yet he is a kind person.
B. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
Kata penghubung yang harus berpasangan.
a. Irma is not only smart but also pretty.
b. Both Leo and Emily are in Bogor now.
c. He can neither read nor write.
d. You can travel to Bali either by bus or by plane.
C. SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS
Kata penghubung yang menyambungkan klausa tidak setara. Umumnya, digunakan dalam complex sentence.
a. After he had written the letter, he posted it.
b. As soon as the teacher came, the lesson was started.
c. She walked as if she were a model.
d. I study English because I want to go abroad.
e. Unless Mr. Jimmy asks, we can collect this paper to him.
f. Since I am sick, I can’t work.
g. I save my money so that I can buy a new car.
h. Though Jane was sick, she still came to the class.
i. Ali is lazy whereas his sister is very diligent.
j. In spite of the rain, I go to school.
k. You can go on in case I don’t come here.
l. If you study hard, you will get a good score. On the other hand, you will fail if you don’t.
m. As he was leaving the house, someone came to his house.
D. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB
Kata penghubung yang berfungsi menyambungkan klausa atau kalimat.
Contoh:
thus (dengan demikian); moreover dan furthermore (lagipula); besides dan in addition (di samping itu); therefore, accordingly, hence, dan as a result (oleh karena itu); nevertheless, however, dan yet (namun).
a. I’d like to go; however, I don’t have any money.
b. You must have enough rest; otherwise, you will get sick.
c. Joanna is so beautiful. Thus, she is popular among boys.
d. Ajeng is clever. In addition, she is also very rich.
e. My brothers are very genius. Moreover, they also polite and humble.
CONTOH SOAL
1. … the great inconvenience of travelling, many television reporters went to the fl ooded area for their reports. (SPMB/2002/R-2)
A. despite
B. in addition to
C. although
D. in case of
E. because of
Pembahasan :
Awal kalimat tersebut merupakan frasa. Ini karena hanya terdapat satu subjek dalam kalimat. Kalimat tersebut juga menyatakan suatu pertentangan makna antara kalimat pertama yang bermakna negatif dengan kalimat kedua yang bermakna positif Jadi, kata penghubung yang paling tepat untuk melengkapinya adalah despite (pilihan A).
Jawaban: A
2. Smoking can be the cause of many illnesses and respiratory disorders … it may harm nonsmokers. (UMPTN/2000/R-A & UMPTN/2001/R-B/R-C)
A. consequently
B. however
C. in addition
D. nevertheless
E. otherwise
Pembahasan :
Kata however dan nevertheless memiliki makna yang sama, yakni namun demikian. Jadi, jawaban tersebut kurang tepat. Demikian juga dengan pilihan A dan E, consequently menyatakan akibat dan otherwise menyatakan syarat. Jadi, jawaban yang paling tepat pada pilihan C, in addition.
Jawaban: C
3. … three people have died of Cholera, the old people of the village refused to get an injection against it. (UMPTN/2000/R-B)
A. although
B. however
C. in spite of
D. since
E. despite
Pembahasan :
In spite of dan despite memiliki makna dan fungsi yang sama, yakni bermakna walaupun yang sama-sama harus diikuti oleh frasa. Demikian juga dengan kedua kata lainnya, however (namun demikian) dan since (sejak atau karena). Kalimat tersebut merupakan klausa. Jadi, although pada pilihan A menjadi jawaban yang paling benar.
Jawaban: A
4. There was nothing for dinner, … we had to go to a grocery store. (SPMB/2004/R-I)
A. otherwise
B. moreover
C. besides
D. however
E. therefore
Pembahasan :
Kalimat tersebut menyatakan sebab-akibat yang ditunjukkan there was nothing for dinner (tidak ada apapun untuk makan malam). Jadi, kata yang dapat melengkapi kalimat selanjutnya, yakni therefore (oleh karena itu). Sementara pilihan lainnya kurang tepat, yakni otherwise (syarat), moreover (lagipula), besides (di samping itu), dan however (namun demikian).
Jawaban: E
5. “Did he say something to the police”
“Well, … he admitted breaking into the car, he denied stealing the tape.” (SPMB/2002/R-I)
A. eventhough
B. because
C. meanwhile
D. when
E. as soon as
Pembahasan :
Kalimat tersebut menyatakan suatu pertentangan karena bermakna dia terbukti merusak bagian dalam mobil, dia menyangkal dirinya mencuri radio. Jadi, jawaban yang paling tepat untuk mengisi bagian rumpang tersebut, yaitu pilihan A eventhough (meskipun demikian) .
Jawaban: A
Sumber : BUKU BAHASA inggris
MATERI DAN LATIHAN SBMPTN
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